# LightRAG: Simple and Fast Retrieval-Augmented Generation


![请添加图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/567139f1a36e4564abc63ce5c12b6271.jpeg)

<div align='center'>
     <p>
        <a href='https://lightrag.github.io'><img src='https://img.shields.io/badge/Project-Page-Green'></a>
        <a href='https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.05779'><img src='https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-2410.05779-b31b1b'></a>
        <img src="https://badges.pufler.dev/visits/hkuds/lightrag?style=flat-square&logo=github">
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     <p>
        <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/python->=3.9.11-blue">
        <a href="https://pypi.org/project/lightrag-hku/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/lightrag-hku.svg"></a>
        <a href="https://pepy.tech/project/lightrag-hku"><img src="https://static.pepy.tech/badge/lightrag-hku/month"></a>
    </p>
    
This repository hosts the code of LightRAG. The structure of this code is based on [nano-graphrag](https://github.com/gusye1234/nano-graphrag).
![请添加图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/b2aaf634151b4706892693ffb43d9093.png)
</div>

## Install

* Install from source

```bash
cd LightRAG
pip install -e .
```
* Install from PyPI
```bash
pip install lightrag-hku
```

## Quick Start

* Set OpenAI API key in environment: `export OPENAI_API_KEY="sk-...".`
* Download the demo text "A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens" 
```bash
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gusye1234/nano-graphrag/main/tests/mock_data.txt > ./book.txt
```
Use the below python snippet:

```python
from lightrag import LightRAG, QueryParam

rag = LightRAG(working_dir="./dickens")

with open("./book.txt") as f:
    rag.insert(f.read())

# Perform naive search
print(rag.query("What are the top themes in this story?", param=QueryParam(mode="naive")))

# Perform local search
print(rag.query("What are the top themes in this story?", param=QueryParam(mode="local")))

# Perform global search
print(rag.query("What are the top themes in this story?", param=QueryParam(mode="global")))

# Perform hybird search
print(rag.query("What are the top themes in this story?", param=QueryParam(mode="hybird")))
```
Batch Insert
```python
rag.insert(["TEXT1", "TEXT2",...])
```
Incremental Insert

```python
rag = LightRAG(working_dir="./dickens")

with open("./newText.txt") as f:
    rag.insert(f.read())
```
## Evaluation
### Dataset
The dataset used in LightRAG can be download from [TommyChien/UltraDomain](https://huggingface.co/datasets/TommyChien/UltraDomain).

### Generate Query
LightRAG uses the following prompt to generate high-level queries, with the corresponding code located in `example/generate_query.py`.
```python
Given the following description of a dataset:

{description}

Please identify 5 potential users who would engage with this dataset. For each user, list 5 tasks they would perform with this dataset. Then, for each (user, task) combination, generate 5 questions that require a high-level understanding of the entire dataset.

Output the results in the following structure:
- User 1: [user description]
    - Task 1: [task description]
        - Question 1:
        - Question 2:
        - Question 3:
        - Question 4:
        - Question 5:
    - Task 2: [task description]
        ...
    - Task 5: [task description]
- User 2: [user description]
    ...
- User 5: [user description]
    ...
```
 
 ### Batch Eval
To evaluate the performance of two RAG systems on high-level queries, LightRAG uses the following prompt, with the specific code available in `example/batch_eval.py`.
```python
---Role---
You are an expert tasked with evaluating two answers to the same question based on three criteria: **Comprehensiveness**, **Diversity**, and **Empowerment**.
---Goal---
You will evaluate two answers to the same question based on three criteria: **Comprehensiveness**, **Diversity**, and **Empowerment**. 

- **Comprehensiveness**: How much detail does the answer provide to cover all aspects and details of the question?
- **Diversity**: How varied and rich is the answer in providing different perspectives and insights on the question?
- **Empowerment**: How well does the answer help the reader understand and make informed judgments about the topic?

For each criterion, choose the better answer (either Answer 1 or Answer 2) and explain why. Then, select an overall winner based on these three categories.

Here is the question:
{query}

Here are the two answers:

**Answer 1:**
{answer1}

**Answer 2:**
{answer2}

Evaluate both answers using the three criteria listed above and provide detailed explanations for each criterion.

Output your evaluation in the following JSON format:

{{
    "Comprehensiveness": {{
        "Winner": "[Answer 1 or Answer 2]",
        "Explanation": "[Provide explanation here]"
    }},
    "Empowerment": {{
        "Winner": "[Answer 1 or Answer 2]",
        "Explanation": "[Provide explanation here]"
    }},
    "Overall Winner": {{
        "Winner": "[Answer 1 or Answer 2]",
        "Explanation": "[Summarize why this answer is the overall winner based on the three criteria]"
    }}
}}
```
### Overall Performance Table
|                      | **Agriculture**             |                       | **CS**                    |                       | **Legal**                 |                       | **Mix**                   |                       |
|----------------------|-------------------------|-----------------------|-----------------------|-----------------------|-----------------------|-----------------------|-----------------------|-----------------------|
|                      | NaiveRAG                | **LightRAG**           | NaiveRAG              | **LightRAG**           | NaiveRAG              | **LightRAG**           | NaiveRAG              | **LightRAG**           |
| **Comprehensiveness** | 32.69%                  | **67.31%**             | 35.44%                | **64.56%**             | 19.05%                | **80.95%**             | 36.36%                | **63.64%**             |
| **Diversity**         | 24.09%                  | **75.91%**             | 35.24%                | **64.76%**             | 10.98%                | **89.02%**             | 30.76%                | **69.24%**             |
| **Empowerment**       | 31.35%                  | **68.65%**             | 35.48%                | **64.52%**             | 17.59%                | **82.41%**             | 40.95%                | **59.05%**             |
| **Overall**           | 33.30%                  | **66.70%**             | 34.76%                | **65.24%**             | 17.46%                | **82.54%**             | 37.59%                | **62.40%**             |
|                      | RQ-RAG                  | **LightRAG**           | RQ-RAG                | **LightRAG**           | RQ-RAG                | **LightRAG**           | RQ-RAG                | **LightRAG**           |
| **Comprehensiveness** | 32.05%                  | **67.95%**             | 39.30%                | **60.70%**             | 18.57%                | **81.43%**             | 38.89%                | **61.11%**             |
| **Diversity**         | 29.44%                  | **70.56%**             | 38.71%                | **61.29%**             | 15.14%                | **84.86%**             | 28.50%                | **71.50%**             |
| **Empowerment**       | 32.51%                  | **67.49%**             | 37.52%                | **62.48%**             | 17.80%                | **82.20%**             | 43.96%                | **56.04%**             |
| **Overall**           | 33.29%                  | **66.71%**             | 39.03%                | **60.97%**             | 17.80%                | **82.20%**             | 39.61%                | **60.39%**             |
|                      | HyDE                    | **LightRAG**           | HyDE                  | **LightRAG**           | HyDE                  | **LightRAG**           | HyDE                  | **LightRAG**           |
| **Comprehensiveness** | 24.39%                  | **75.61%**             | 36.49%                | **63.51%**             | 27.68%                | **72.32%**             | 42.17%                | **57.83%**             |
| **Diversity**         | 24.96%                  | **75.34%**             | 37.41%                | **62.59%**             | 18.79%                | **81.21%**             | 30.88%                | **69.12%**             |
| **Empowerment**       | 24.89%                  | **75.11%**             | 34.99%                | **65.01%**             | 26.99%                | **73.01%**             | **45.61%**            | **54.39%**             |
| **Overall**           | 23.17%                  | **76.83%**             | 35.67%                | **64.33%**             | 27.68%                | **72.32%**             | 42.72%                | **57.28%**             |
|                      | GraphRAG                | **LightRAG**           | GraphRAG              | **LightRAG**           | GraphRAG              | **LightRAG**           | GraphRAG              | **LightRAG**           |
| **Comprehensiveness** | 45.56%                  | **54.44%**             | 45.98%                | **54.02%**             | 47.13%                | **52.87%**             | **51.86%**            | 48.14%                |
| **Diversity**         | 19.65%                  | **80.35%**             | 39.64%                | **60.36%**             | 25.55%                | **74.45%**             | 35.87%                | **64.13%**             |
| **Empowerment**       | 36.69%                  | **63.31%**             | 45.09%                | **54.91%**             | 42.81%                | **57.19%**             | **52.94%**            | 47.06%                |
| **Overall**           | 43.62%                  | **56.38%**             | 45.98%                | **54.02%**             | 45.70%                | **54.30%**             | **51.86%**            | 48.14%                |

## Reproduce 
All the code can be found in the `./reproduce` directory.
### Step-0 Extract Unique Contexts
First, we need to extract unique contexts in the datasets.
```python
def extract_unique_contexts(input_directory, output_directory):

    os.makedirs(output_directory, exist_ok=True)

    jsonl_files = glob.glob(os.path.join(input_directory, '*.jsonl'))
    print(f"Found {len(jsonl_files)} JSONL files.")

    for file_path in jsonl_files:
        filename = os.path.basename(file_path)
        name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
        output_filename = f"{name}_unique_contexts.json"
        output_path = os.path.join(output_directory, output_filename)

        unique_contexts_dict = {}

        print(f"Processing file: {filename}")

        try:
            with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as infile:
                for line_number, line in enumerate(infile, start=1):
                    line = line.strip()
                    if not line:
                        continue
                    try:
                        json_obj = json.loads(line)
                        context = json_obj.get('context')
                        if context and context not in unique_contexts_dict:
                            unique_contexts_dict[context] = None
                    except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
                        print(f"JSON decoding error in file {filename} at line {line_number}: {e}")
        except FileNotFoundError:
            print(f"File not found: {filename}")
            continue
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"An error occurred while processing file {filename}: {e}")
            continue

        unique_contexts_list = list(unique_contexts_dict.keys())
        print(f"There are {len(unique_contexts_list)} unique `context` entries in the file {filename}.")

        try:
            with open(output_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as outfile:
                json.dump(unique_contexts_list, outfile, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
            print(f"Unique `context` entries have been saved to: {output_filename}")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"An error occurred while saving to the file {output_filename}: {e}")

    print("All files have been processed.")

```
### Step-1 Insert Contexts
For the extracted contexts, we insert them into the LightRAG system.

```python
def insert_text(rag, file_path):
    with open(file_path, mode='r') as f:
        unique_contexts = json.load(f)
    
    retries = 0
    max_retries = 3
    while retries < max_retries:
        try:
            rag.insert(unique_contexts)
            break
        except Exception as e:
            retries += 1
            print(f"Insertion failed, retrying ({retries}/{max_retries}), error: {e}")
            time.sleep(10)
    if retries == max_retries:
        print("Insertion failed after exceeding the maximum number of retries")
```
### Step-2 Generate Queries

We extract tokens from both the first half and the second half of each context in the dataset, then combine them as the dataset description to generate queries.
```python
tokenizer = GPT2Tokenizer.from_pretrained('gpt2')

def get_summary(context, tot_tokens=2000):
    tokens = tokenizer.tokenize(context)
    half_tokens = tot_tokens // 2

    start_tokens = tokens[1000:1000 + half_tokens]
    end_tokens = tokens[-(1000 + half_tokens):1000]

    summary_tokens = start_tokens + end_tokens
    summary = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_string(summary_tokens)
    
    return summary
```

### Step-3 Query
For the queries generated in Step-2, we will extract them and query LightRAG.
```python
def extract_queries(file_path):
    with open(file_path, 'r') as f:
        data = f.read()
    
    data = data.replace('**', '')

    queries = re.findall(r'- Question \d+: (.+)', data)

    return queries
```
## Code Structure

```python
.
├── examples
│   ├── batch_eval.py
│   ├── generate_query.py
│   ├── insert.py
│   └── query.py
├── lightrag
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── base.py
│   ├── lightrag.py
│   ├── llm.py
│   ├── operate.py
│   ├── prompt.py
│   ├── storage.py
│   └── utils.py
├── reproduce
│   ├── Step_0.py
│   ├── Step_1.py
│   ├── Step_2.py
│   └── Step_3.py
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── requirements.txt
└── setup.py
```
## Citation

```python
@article{guo2024lightrag,
title={LightRAG: Simple and Fast Retrieval-Augmented Generation}, 
author={Zirui Guo and Lianghao Xia and Yanhua Yu and Tu Ao and Chao Huang},
year={2024},
eprint={2410.05779},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.IR}
}
```